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Pencemaran Udara




Pengertian Pencemaran Udara
Pencemaran udara adalah kehadiran satu atau lebih substansi fisik, kimia, atau biologi di atmosfer dalam jumlah yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan mahkluk hidup, mengganggu estetika dan kenyamanan, atau merusak properti.
Pencemaran udara adalah masuknya, atau tercampurnya unsur-unsur berbahaya ke dalam atmosfir yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kerusakan lingkungan, gangguan pada kesehatan manusia secara umum serta menurunkan kualitas lingkungan.
Pencemaran udara dapat terjadi dimana-mana, misalnya di dalam rumah, sekolah, dan kantor. Pencemaran ini sering disebut pencemaran dalam ruangan (indoor pollution). Sementara itu pencemaran di luar ruangan (outdoor pollution) berasal dari emisi kendaraan bermotor, industri, perkapalan, dan proses alami oleh makhluk hidup. Sumber pencemar udara dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi sumber diam dan sumber bergerak. Sumber diam terdiri dari pembangkit listrik, industri dan rumah tangga. Sedangkan sumber bergerak adalah aktifitas lalu lintas kendaraan bermotor dan tranportasi laut. Dari data BPS tahun 1999, di beberapa propinsi terutama di kota-kota besar seperti Medan, Surabaya dan Jakarta, emisi kendaraan bermotor merupakan kontribusi terbesar terhadap konsentrasi NO2 dan CO di udara yang jumlahnya lebih dari 50%.

Klasifikasi Pencemar Udara :
1. Pencemar primer : pencemar yang di timbulkan langsung dari sumber pencemaran udara.
2. Pencemar sekunder : pencemar yang terbentuk dari reaksi pencemar-pencemar primer di atmosfer.
Contoh:  Sulfur dioksida, Sulfur monoksida dan uap air akan menghasilkan asam sulfurik . 









Jenis-jenis Bahan Pencemar:
- Karbon monoksida (CO)
- Nitrogen dioksida (N02)
- Sulfur Dioksida (S02)
- CFC
- Karbon dioksida (CO2)
- Ozon (03 )
- Benda Partikulat (PM)
- Timah (Pb)
- HydroCarbon (HC)

Dampak Pencemaran Udara :
- Penipisan Ozon
- Pemanasan Global ( Global Warming )
- Penyakit pernapasan, misalnya : jantung, paru-paru dan tenggorokan
- Terganggunya fungsi reproduksi
- Stres dan penurunan tingkat produktivitas
- Kesehatan dan penurunan kemampuan mental anak-anak
- Penurunan tingkat kecerdasan (IQ) anak-anak.

Solusi :
+ Clean Air Act yang dibuat oleh pemerintah dan menambah pajak bagi industri yang melakukan pencemaran udara.
+ Mengembangkan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan dan dapat diperbaharui diantaranya Fuel Cell dan Solar Cell.
+ Menghemat Energi yang digunakan.
+ Menjaga kebersihan lingkungan tempat tinggal

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